All knowledge enters through the eye….

The eye is the tree in the garden in Eden…

The eye produces the fruit of the tree…

The eye plugs the fruit and the brain eats what the tree produce…

Gen. 3: 6; and when the woman saw that the tree was good for food and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took the fruit and did eat and also gave to her husband (spirit/brain) and he did eat.

AND THE EYES OF THEM BOTH WERE OPENED AND THEY KNEW…(they received knowledge.)

Panorama of the Carina Nebula

24 April 2007
A 50 light-year-wide view of the Carina Nebula has been released to celebrate the 17th anniversary of the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.
 
Carina is an immense nebula situated at an estimated 7 500 light years away in the southern constellation Carina, at the keel of the ship Argo Navis. This panoramic image of the nebula gives us a peek into star formation as it commonly occurs along the dense spiral arms of a galaxy.  

Think about this for a minute: Gen 2:17 of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it, for in the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.

It says: the same day you eat the fruit of this tree of knowledge, that same day you will die. This “same day” being the sixth day.

You might now differ and say; the sixth day is the day on which God created the human and that day is long gone. For those I ask a question; Adam ate the fruit on the sixth day and God said; the same day you eat the fruit, that same day you will die; my question is; why did Adam lived another 800 years and didn’t die on the same day?

The answer is; simply because it is not yet the end of the sixth day.

If the creation came to an end, or was completed on the so-called sixth day, why is it that there is still the birth of stars at this moment? (The expanding universe= the proof)

At the same time, we are not yet in the day of rest. The good news however is that it is in the near future, that is if you understand this revelation.

If you don’t believe this TRUTH, the bible will be a lie and a sealed book to you.

What’s more, the human was created to live for only one day, which is the sixth day. At the end of the sixth day humans and everything you know and see will “disappear” forever…

Why you may ask? Because we then move over to the seventh day, the day of rest, the day where you will receive a new body, for the body you now know will disappear, be demolished Gen 2:1-3, 1Cor 15:52

At this moment we are less than one hour away from this happening. One hour representing 41,666 years in biblical formula. Also equaling one generation.

Did you hear? In less than 40 years (by now) everything that you see would have changed, including your body. This is the so-called second coming!!

What does the bible say about how everything came into being?

To really understand this discussion you will have to read the full manuscript namely this revelation of Johannes.

Never the less, lets move on to Gen 1, the creation of the universe (heaven and earth)

Under the term “heaven” we must conclude: all of what we call space. And under “earth” all visible heavenly bodies, stars, planets, moons and suns.

If we look at the order of creation, as stated in the bible, we will see that the order doesn’t make sense.

The logical order of creation would be as follows:

Day 1:  God said let there be light. (the Big Bang, fertilization, new life in the first dimension of evolution * see my definition of evolution*

Day 2: (day 4 according to the Bible) Forming of the planets sun and stars.

Day 3: (day 2 according to the Bible) God created the atmospheres around the planets and stars

Day 4: (day 3 according to the Bible) Dry land appears. Plants start to grow, also in the water.

Day 5: Creation of the sea creatures and birds

Day 6: Creation of land creatures (animals and humans)

Day 7: human and all flesh disappear, the rest of God (you and me)

According to the Bible, trees and plants were created on the third day, but the sun was only created on the fourth day. Now we all know that plants need photosynthesis from the sun to grow. See below;

Evolution on Earth

See also: History of Earth

Atmospheric gases scatter blue light more than other wavelengths, giving the Earth a blue halo when seen from space.

The history of the Earth's atmosphere prior to one billion years ago is poorly understood and an active area of scientific research. The following discussion presents a plausible scenario.

The modern atmosphere is sometimes referred to as Earth's "third atmosphere", in order to distinguish the current chemical composition from two notably different previous compositions. The original atmosphere was primarily helium and hydrogen. Heat from the still-molten crust, and the sun, plus a probably enhanced solar wind, dissipated this atmosphere.

About 4.4 billion years ago, the surface had cooled enough to form a crust, still heavily populated with volcanoes which released steam, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This led to the early "second atmosphere", which was primarily carbon dioxide and water vapor, with some nitrogen but virtually no oxygen. This second atmosphere had approximately 100 times as much gas as the current atmosphere, but as it cooled much of the carbon dioxide was dissolved in the seas and precipitated out as carbonates. The later "second atmosphere" contained largely nitrogen and carbon dioxide. However, simulations run at the University of Waterloo and University of Colorado in 2005 suggest that it may have had up to 40% hydrogen.^[6] It is generally believed that the greenhouse effect, caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and methane, kept the Earth from freezing.

One of the earliest types of bacteria was the cyanobacteria. Fossil evidence indicates that bacteria shaped like these existed approximately 3.3 billion years ago and were the first oxygen-producing evolving phototropic organisms. They were responsible for the initial conversion of the earth's atmosphere from an anoxic state to an oxic state (that is, from a state without oxygen to a state with oxygen) during the period 2.7 to 2.2 billion years ago. Being the first to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis, they were able to produce oxygen while sequestering carbon dioxide in organic molecules, playing a major role in oxygenating the atmosphere.

Photosynthesising plants would later evolve and continue releasing oxygen and sequestering carbon dioxide. Over time, excess carbon became locked in fossil fuels, sedimentary rocks (notably limestone), and animal shells. As oxygen was released, it reacted with ammonia to release nitrogen; in addition, bacteria would also convert ammonia into nitrogen. But most of the nitrogen currently present in the atmosphere results from sunlight-powered photolysis of ammonia released steadily over the aeons from volcanoes.

As more plants appeared, the levels of oxygen increased significantly, while carbon dioxide levels dropped. At first the oxygen combined with various elements (such as iron), but eventually oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere, resulting in mass extinctions and further evolution. With the appearance of an ozone layer (ozone is an allotrope of oxygen) lifeforms were better protected from ultraviolet radiation. This oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere is the "third atmosphere". 200 – 250 million years ago, up to 35 percent of the atmosphere was oxygen (bubbles of ancient atmosphere were found in an amber).

This modern atmosphere has a composition which is enforced by oceanic blue-green algae as well as geological processes. O₂ does not remain naturally free in an atmosphere, but tends to be consumed (by inorganic chemical reactions, as well as by animals, bacteria, and even land plants at night), while CO₂ tends to be produced by respiration and decomposition and oxidation of organic matter. Oxygen would vanish within a few million years due to chemical reactions and CO₂ dissolves easily in water and would be gone in millennia if not replaced. Both are maintained by biological productivity and geological forces seemingly working hand-in-hand to maintain reasonably steady levels over millions of years (see Gaia theory).

The universe/earth exists out of two “halves” namely; heaven, and earth/soil the other half.

Heaven acts as male and earth as female, the womb or soul of the universe. Thus earth is the mother of all life. This subject is discussed in another chapter of “this revelation of Johannes (John)”

Please don’t compare this revelation with any other religion of our time. There is diversity in different religions and that is healthy, it brings us together and each and every religion has its purpose and all of us work for ONE BODY.

The meaning of the word Genesis is origin, and thus the book Genesis must explain how everything came to be.

Scientists have it that 20 billion years ago, creation (as we know it today), started off with the so-called Big Bang. Some scientists now draw the line forward to about 15 billion years ago. Some scientists even suggests that the creation is only 13,7 billion years old.

Figures play a big role in the deciphering of the symbols of the Bible, and 15 billion years doesn’t fit in.

The following appeared on a website;

The British team was the first to analyse Hubble's Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) images, which provide mankind's deepest optical view of the Universe. The team viewed the number of star-forming galaxies and found that there were far less than expected. The rate at which new stars were born was a lot slower than formerly thought.

Scientists believe that the energy released when stars were born provided enough radiation to lift a curtain of cold, primordial hydrogen that formed after the Big Bang, now scientists are having to re-think that theory.

"We can measure how fast stars are being born in the early universe," said Dr. Andrew Bunker. "But our results reveal a puzzle; the birth rate seems low compared with more recent pasts. This is not what theorists had expected: at early times, the Universe seems to undergo a rapid heating. The main candidate for what caused this is ultraviolet radiation, which can be generated as stars are born. Our results suggest this was not the case, the small number of star forming galaxies found in the Ultra Deep Field may not be sufficient to do this. Perhaps this heating happened further back in time, closer to the Big Bang."

By analysing pictures taken by the Hubble telescope Bunker's team could see almost to the beginning of time. They were able to identify 50 objects likely to be galaxies so far away that light from them has taken 13 billion years to reach the earth. The galaxies uncovered by the team existed 95 percent of the way back to the beginning of time. This is the closest man has ever come to the Big Bang, when the Universe was less than a billion years old.

End of quote.

If the light has taken 13 bl years to reach us then the universe must be much older than the + or – 13 bl years some scientists say. It must be at least 6 bl years older which bring us to apr 20 bil.

Lets say the present creation is 20 billion years in existence; now divide 6 creation days into 20 billion years. You’ll find that each day equals 3,333 billion years.

Let us now discuss these days.

We will give you the Hebrew meaning of the relevant words.

Day 1 Gen 1:1 in the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

*The conclusion is that he created two separate “places” namely: a spiritual place and a physical place or an invisible place and a visible place.

Verse 2; and the earth was without form and void.

Void meaning: to be empty, hollow, vacuity, emptiness, tremble inward, palpitate, suddenly agitated, glisten, shining (white or red marble) a ruin.

*From this we can conclude: it was a vacuity that became unstable/agitated/the gathering of waste. We can probably say that the vacuity was “sucking in” the tiny visible components of the universe.

Without form: waste or desolation – worthless.

*The “earth” at that stage was without form because of the instability, the palpitation, and the agitation of this matter creating an abyss, a hurricane, or a tornado. (See spirit below)

Also it became worthless. We discuss this in another chapter.

Verse 2 cont: and darkness was upon the face of the deep

Darkness: (Hebrew meaning;) enhanced darkness, misery, destruction, death, sorrow, dark night, and obscurity.

*Enhanced darkness = to become more and more visible/fossilized.

*This gathering of matter became more and more dense, obscured and visible (not transparent) we can conclude that the visible is called darkness a place of misery and sorrow.

Face: the part that turns namely these “turning” masses that gathered.

Deep: an abyss, a surging mass, to make an uproar, to agitate greatly, destroy, move, make a noise, to ring again, a pat

*This describes a boiling mass reaching a point of explosion, making great noise/an uproar. (it will be impossible for us to even imagine or describe this noise.)

If we now rephrase the following; darkness was on the face of the deep, we could perhaps read it as follow; this turning abyss became more and more visible, but did not had any specific form yet, logically.

Verse 2 cont.: and the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters

Spirit: (Hebrew) wind, breath, air, anger, smell, violent, by resemblance spirit or a tempest. The meaning of spirit in the New Testament hasn’t the same meaning.

*This violent tempest/hurricane is called the spirit of God. This tempest was the result of this turning abyss. From this we can conclude that there had to be a previous universe that “broke up” or were “sucked in” to become very dense or small and by way of the Big Bang created the current universe. This “sucking” has dense the “material” to a state where it “exploded”.

Read below;

New discoveries about another universe whose collapse appears to have given birth to the one we live in today will be announced in the early on-line edition of the journal Nature Physics on 1 July 2007 and will be published in the August 2007 issue of the journal's print edition.

Researchers Look Beyond the Birth of the Universe

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connects the former collapse with the current expansion.”

The figure represents our expanding universe as the right branch of the arc. Our time now is located at the 1.8 grid mark on the right side of the drawing. According to Ashtekar's team's calculations, when looking backward throughout the history of the universe, 'time' does not go to the point of the Big Bang but bounces to the left branch of the drawing, which describes a contracting universe. Singh explains, "The state of the universe depicted by its wavefunction is shown in space (\mu) and time (\phi). The big bang singularity lies where space vanishes (goes to zero). Our expanding phase of the universe is shown by the right branch which, when reversed backward in time, bounces near the Big Bang to a contracting phase (left branch) and never reaches the Big Bang."

According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, the Big Bang represents The Beginning, the grand event at which not only matter but space-time itself was born. While classical theories offer no clues about existence before that moment, a research team at Penn State has used quantum gravitational calculations to find threads that lead to an earlier time.

“There are two classical branches of the universe connected by a quantum bridge. This connects the former collapse with the current expansion.”

The universe in its current state is in an anti clock spin, the same as a tornado or the tornado that formed this creation. Also everything in our solar system spins anti clock wise. This symbolize that we went back in time.

Somewhere in future the universe will change into a clock wise spin.

See photo below;

Star Nursery
Photograph by G. Fritz Benedict, Andrew Howell, Inger Jorgensen, David Chapell (University of Texas), Jeffery Kenney (Yale University), and Beverly J. Smith (CASA, University of Colorado), and NASA

A merry-go-round of young stars flashes around the center of galaxy NGC 4314. This spectacular close-up from the Hubble Space Telescope reveals the basic structural elements of a galaxy. At the center glows a dense cluster of old stars, their mature status indicated by temperatures in the yellow and white part of the spectrum. Even deeper into the center probably lurks an invisible black hole, common to most galaxies. A black hole is matter so densely compacted that even light can't escape.

New stars usually appear in the spiral arms of a galaxy. But in this case the young, ultra-hot stars (blue and purple) have formed in a ring, created when clouds of gas collapse into superdense cores. Ten times hotter and one million times brighter than our sun, these new stars will eventually cool down and resemble the older stars near the center. Clouds of dust and gas fog the edges of the image. Even farther out lies the unseen weave of dark matter, whose gravitational force keeps the galaxy's hundreds of billions of stars bound together.

Scientists had discovered a milky way that spins clock wise. Unfortunately those who placed the photo here had put the negative image and now it also seems if it spins anti clockwise.

Spiral Galaxy NGC 4622 Spins "Backwards"

Note; Although it says it spins backwards it doesn’t spin backwards but forward like a clock.

Photo is a negative; this photo spins anti clockwise instead of clockwise.

Face: the part that turns (the abyss)

Water: the meaning of water in this respect is; a fountain or an eye, which clearly describes this turning boiling/whirlpool masses. We are used to call the center of a hurricane the eye.

Verse 3: and God said, let there be light. And there was light

This violent tempest, this turning boiling mass, called spirit, exploded. This describes the so-called Big Bang of 20 billion years ago.

Light: to set on fire, to cause or make luminous.

This “abyss”, this turning tower of masses, fell over from north to south and “burst open” in the midst according to the bible.

You now may argue and say that The Spirit of God is not a tempest. (You might now think about the voice of the LORD God while walking in the garden in the cool of the day, well this was much later. Think about what happened here.)

My friend, God has more than “one side” and has different “powers”. In fact the bible says God has 7 different spirits. This is discussed in detail in another chapter.

Verse 4: God saw the light that it was good, and God divided the light from darkness

As we explained; before this explosion, “space” became obscured (enhanced darkness the bible says) and “milky” because of the visible matter floating in space and gathered as worthless material.  After this explosion, these milky particles were forming visible objects (planets, stars and sun) to leave the space “clear as water”. This is the temporary division.

I say; the division is the separation of the visible particles from the “air”.

And God called the light day and the darkness he called night

He called the “cleared” space light or day (transparent) and he called the visible objects darkness or night. Although you now see the sun as visible light, the sun acts as the element that gives life, energy and even sperm to impregnate the earth/visible/female.

Read below;

15 May 2007
A team of astronomers used the Hubble Space Telescope to find the best evidence yet for the existence of dark matter, present in the form of a ghostly ring in a galaxy cluster.
 
The ring had formed long ago during a titanic collision between two massive galaxy clusters.

The team’s discovery, to be published on 1 June 2007 in the Astrophysical Journal, represents the first record of dark matter distribution that differs substantially from the distribution of ordinary matter.

The colorful "zigzag" on the right is not the work of a flamboyant artist, but the signature of a super-massive black hole in the center of galaxy M84, discovered by the Hubble telescope's imaging spectrograph.

The image on the left, also taken by Hubble, shows the core of the galaxy where the suspected black hole dwells. In a single exposure, astronomers mapped the motions of gas in the grip of the black hole's powerful gravitational pull by aligning Hubble's spectroscopic slit across the nucleus.

During our discussions you will learn how important it is “to know” that God calls the visible darkness.

God called the heaven light or day and the visible earth darkness or night

Now we are at the end of day one or past period 3,333 billion years in creation.

Day 2 Verse 6: God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.

Waters: different heavens (atmospheres)(spirits) we discuss it in another chapter of this manuscript. (Noah’s ark that had three story’s, in fact symbolizes three different heavens) We can conclude that the heavens are called “waters.”

“Atmospheres” form around the “planets”. A dome (firmament) forms between these atmospheres, which seals in each atmospheres own spirit or atoms, impenetrable from each other. (See Noah’s ark) A division was put in between the spirit of the planets and the spirits of the heavens above (the interplanetary).

See sketches below;

Verse 8: and God named the firmament heaven. (Or different layers of the atmosphere) the word firmament also has the meaning of; to expand.

Water: spirit or heaven = transparent substance or clear substance.

Day 3

The logical creation order now brings us to verse 14 (6,666 billion years after the Big Bang) God said: let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the night and let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years.

“We” move into a time zone, whereas previously it was timeless. Further; gasses started to gather, collect and compacted together and started to “light up” like the sun. Others like the moon, acted as mirrors, reflecting light.

A Very Big Bang

Patricia A. Mondore, M.A. and Robert J. Mondore

"By the word of the LORD were the heavens made...For he spoke, and it came to be; he commanded, and it stood firm" Ps. 33:6,9

Verse 16: God made two great lights; the greater light TO RULE the day and the lesser light TO RULE the night, he also made the stars.

*Sun as energy in the day.

*Moon as energy for sleep, both needed for growth.

It is clearly stated; to rule.

The meaning of to rule is; to have dominion or to have power.

We can conclude that the sun and moon played a big role in creation during this time for they have dominion.

Verse 17: God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light upon the earth.

Light; light in this respect means; light as an element or cheerfulness.

This firmament is in itself a “mirror” reflecting everything in a “reversed” image, past image, a false creation to “keep us away”.

The universe doesn’t at all look the way you see it. Think about this: if there was a Big Bang that has changed the universe 20 billion years ago, then the following possibilities could well be true…

When you see a star “explode” it could have happened millions of years ago but you only see a flash of it now, because we are bound to time in the form of light years. The Hubble telescope sends picture from a spacecraft to earth about things that happened many light years ago.  Imagine seeing for the first time the light of a “new born star” in the night sky, and the particular light has taken 10 billion years to reach earth, then:

It could have been totally transformed by now.

It might have already burnt out or ceased to exist (in other words by the time you see the light of a new star, that same star could already cease to exist for perhaps 10 billion years.)

if you perhaps use the following hypothesis; you could perhaps have a telescope where you can now at this moment “see” this planet with even moving creatures on it although it doesn’t exist for the past 10 billion years, because the light only now reach you.

We are “caught” in such a situation here on earth.

I say; “we don’t exist,” we are caught in the past.

This might be a bit too much for our brains at this stage.

Scientists say that they now already have photos of the universe of how the universe looked shortly after the Big Bang. You have seen some of them here. Now what does that tell you?

Day 4:  9,999 billion or rather 10 billion years after the Big Bang

God said, let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear.

“Earth” was “liquid” with a heavy “mineral” content. The liquid and minerals divided, and land appeared. God called the dry substance land or earth, and the gathering of the waters he called sea.

Once divided, rain or fog could start, because the earth is warm and water cold as a result winds started and brought forth rain, which was necessary for the development of plants. See Gen.2: 4-6.

Gen. 1 verse 11: and God said, let the earth bring forth grass, herb yielding seed and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself upon the earth

To prepare for humans and animals, the earth started provision of oxygen.

Evolution/development/creation/ was in this sequence:

Grass evolved into herb yielding seed, which evolved into fruit bearing trees, with fruit whose seed is within itself (discussed in detail in this manuscript.)

The Hebrew meaning for the word grass describes something similar to algae, which developed into herb and later into distinct species of trees etc. (to its kind)

Logically sea or water plants also started like algae.

We’re all used to the term senses.

Grass (Heb) deshe’ = tender) has 1 sense. Herb 2 senses. Fruit trees 3 senses, fish 4 senses, animals 5 senses, human 6 senses.

Senses in fact = spirit = God.

Plants have a breathing/respiration system. It uses air, therefore this is the first kind of spirit exchange (God is spirit) and there is no “movement” or creatures yet.

Day 5: Verse 20: God said, let the waters bring forth abundantly, the moving creatures that has life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.

Moving creatures: a swarm of minute animals, creeping or moving things (organisms).

Life: to come alive (however they are not breathing creatures yet.)

Now for the first time life with “real” spirit and movement roams the land.

Verse 21: God created great whales and living creatures, which the water brought forth abundantly, after their kind and every winged fowl after his kind (the word “his” is used because it refers to male)

Whales: monsters.

Living creatures: breathing creatures/animals with a mental mind. (They started to develop a mind and lungs).

The first creatures were moving creatures with life, which have now evolved into living creatures that have breath.

Day 6:  Verse 24: God said, let the earth bring forth living creatures (on day 5 the water brought forth creatures) of its kind, cattle, and creeping things, and beasts of the earth after its kind.

It happened in this order:

Living creatures with low mind function, came out of the water onto the land and systematically “evolved” into cattle. They were obviously breathing creatures as the meaning describes.

Cattle: a water ox/ hippopotamus or Nile horse

Further meaning: to be mute, (a dumb beast without sound (voice) or hearing.)

Hearing and sound was created on earth not in water.

Beast: running creatures.

All these animals and later on the” human”, described in Gen 4:17-23 were hermaphrodites, they impregnated themselves so to speak, this is discussed and proved in another chapter.

Then 555,555 million years ago God said: verse 26; let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Someone said to me; “God was lonely” and wanted to create children; yes it is true but who is us and our in verse 26 then, because it suggests that God was after all not alone?

We discuss who this “us” and “our” exactly is in another chapter.

Image: to shade, a phantom, an illusion, resemblance representative figure or an idol.

Likeness: resemblance, model, shape, advance like fashion, manner, to resemble, consider, and comparison device, think, similitude.

Verse 27: so God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him.

Then God says exactly what he means by his image: he says, male and female He created them.

In fact, what God is saying is: his image is male and female in one body. We are created to this same image and likeness.

I want to make this very clear; God says; he = male and female.

So the conclusion is that you and me are male and female in the same/one body!!!

Remember, the scripture says husband and wife will become one flesh. How you might ask? Only in their offspring is it possible! When a child is created, the child inherits its genes from his parents; 50% from the father, and 50% from the mother. Therefore, only by way of their children, man and wife can become one flesh; there is no other way.

This matter is discussed further in another chapter of this manuscript, for it holds huge mystery and revelations.

Out of all this we can clearly establish that humans were created/evolved from animals.

Does that change your purpose, your dignity, and your pride? For God said He will create children out of rock. Humans were created on the sixth day and will disappear the same day…

The glorified humans were created to ultimately, on the seventh day, rule the universe. Therefore it only makes sense that humans evolved from rock to grass to fish to land animal to human. A glorified body is surely a better form of advance/evolution of the mortal body we now know to the ultimate future glorified body.

Humans were therefore created out of all the substances of the universe. It cannot be otherwise because if we need the knowledge to rule the universe there is no better way as to have the contents of the universe.

Heaven and earth impregnated each other by way of the Big Bang, where the “atoms” of heaven and the “atoms” of earth melted together in the womb of earth.

In their children, you and me the universe became one flesh!

I say; Heaven and earth became one flesh in you and me, because we have the same genes as our parents.

SUMMARY.

You can now clearly understand that the bible describes creation “exactly” the way scientists describes it, for it clearly describes the Big Bang and the way everything were created; in fact it describes it better than the scientists and they can now learn from the bible.

The word evolve which scientists use has the same meaning as to its kind, the word the bible use to describe the creation of life.

The universe itself has evolved from the Big Bang, which started with a vacuum to what we have today.

The following can bee seen on a web site;

www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/bang.

Quote; The universe began, scientists believe, with every speck of its energy jammed into a very tiny point. This extremely dense point exploded with unimaginable force, creating matter and propelling it outward to make the billions of galaxies of our vast universe. Astrophysicists dubbed this titanic explosion the Big Bang.

For a brief moment after the Big Bang, the immense heat created conditions unlike any conditions astrophysicists see in the universe today. While planets and stars today are composed of atoms of elements like hydrogen and silicon, scientists believe the universe back then was too hot for anything other than the most fundamental particles -- such as quarks and photons.

But as the universe quickly expanded, the energy of the Big Bang became more and more "diluted" in space, causing the universe to cool. Popping open a beer bottle results in a roughly similar cooling, expanding effect: gas, once confined in the bottle, spreads into the air, and the temperature of the beer drops.

Rapid cooling allowed for matter as we know it to form in the universe, although physicists are still trying to figure out exactly how this happened. About one ten-thousandth of a second after the Big Bang, protons and neutrons formed, and within a few minutes these particles stuck together to form atomic nuclei, mostly hydrogen and helium. Hundreds of thousands of years later, electrons stuck to the nuclei to make complete atoms.

About a billion years after the Big Bang, gravity caused these atoms to gather in huge clouds of gas, forming collections of stars known as galaxies. Gravity is the force that pulls any objects with mass towards one another -- the same force, for example, that causes a ball thrown in the air to fall to the earth.

Where do planets like earth come from? Over billions of years, stars "cook" hydrogen and helium atoms in their hot cores to make heavier elements like carbon and oxygen. Large stars explode over time, blasting these elements into space. This matter then condenses into the stars, planets, and satellites that make up solar systems like our own.

End of quote.

Therefore; we can understand that the universe went through a process of “evolution”, which produced different materials from the combination of different atoms.

Did you know that the matter of your body are millions of years old?

Out of these discussions we can clearly understand that earth acts as the womb of creation because she is the one to bear children like plants and animals and humans.

Heaven would therefore act as the male to impregnate earth with different sperm cells. We discuss this later on in this revelation.

You can now look at the pictures below and decide for yourself; 1) was there a Big Bang; 2) has God already finished the universe as believed by some that the universe were created in 144 hours; 3) is God/the universe still busy creating/recreating itself to better itself; 4) does there also wait for us a sudden transformation/metamorphoses in future?

One of the biggest mysteries in cosmology could be explained by a controversial theory in which the universe explodes into existence not just once, but repeatedly in endless cycles of death and rebirth.

Quantum physics tells us that contrary to appearances, empty space is a bubbling brew of "virtual" subatomic particles that are constantly being created and destroyed. The fleeting particles endow every cubic centimeter of space with a certain energy that, according to general relativity, produces an anti-gravitational force that pushes space apart. Nobody knows what's really causing the accelerated expansion of the universe, however.

Credit: NASA-JSC-ES&IA

When a supermassive star dies, its corpse collapses into a knot so tight not even light can escape. And this drain on the fabric of the Universe can actually warp the shape of space... and of time.

Gravity Waves

Gravity waves are distortions in the fabric of space-time predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. The waves travel at the speed of light, but they are so weak that scientists expect to detect only those created during colossal cosmic events, such as black hole mergers like the one shown above. LIGO and LISA are two detectors designed to spot the elusive waves.

Like life on Earth, galaxies can "eat" each other and evolve over time. The Milky Way's neighbor, Andromeda, is currently dining on one of its satellites. More than a dozen star clusters are scattered throughout Andromeda, the cosmic remains of past meals. The image above is from a simulation of Andromeda and our galaxy colliding, an event that will take place in about 3 billion years.

Cosmic Microwave Background

Also known as the CMB, this radiation is a primordial leftover from the Big Bang that birthed the universe. It was first detected during the 1960s as a radio noise that seemed to emanate from everywhere in space. The CMB is regarded as one of the best pieces of evidence for the theoretical Big Bang. Recent precise measurements by the WMAP project place the CMB temperature at -455 degrees Fahrenheit (-270 Celsius).

Here is a scientific explanation of how the earth evolved and came into being.

History of Earth

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Geological time put in a diagram called a geological clock, showing the relative lengths of the eons of the Earth's history.

For the history of modern humans, see History of the world.

The history of Earth covers approximately 4.6 billion years (4,567,000,000 years), from Earth’s formation out of the solar nebula to the present. This article presents a broad overview, summarizing the leading, most current scientific theories.

Origin

An artist's impression of protoplanetary disk.

Main article: Formation and evolution of the Solar System

The Earth formed as part of the birth of the Solar System: what eventually became the solar system initially existed as a large, rotating cloud of dust, rocks, and gas. It was composed of hydrogen and helium produced in the Big Bang, as well as heavier elements ejected by supernovas. Then, as one theory suggests, about 4.6 billion years ago a nearby star was destroyed in a supernova and the explosion sent a shock wave through the solar nebula, causing it to gain angular momentum. As the cloud began to accelerate its rotation, gravity and inertia flattened it into a protoplanetary disk oriented perpendicularly to its axis of rotation. Most of the mass concentrated in the middle and began to heat up, but small perturbations due to collisions and the angular momentum of other large debris created the means by which protoplanets began to form. The infall of material, increase in rotational speed and the crush of gravity created an enormous amount of kinetic heat at the center. Its inability to transfer that energy away through any other process at a rate capable of relieving the build-up resulted in the disk's center heating up. Ultimately, nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium began, and eventually, after contraction, a T Tauri star, ignited to create the Sun. Meanwhile, as gravity caused matter to condense around the previously perturbed objects outside of the new sun's gravity grasp, dust particles and the rest of the protoplanetary disk began separating into rings. Successively larger fragments collided with one another and became larger objects, ultimately destined to become protoplanets.^[1] These included one collection approximately 150 million kilometers from the center: Earth. The solar wind of the newly formed T Tauri star cleared out most of the material in the disk that had not already condensed into larger bodies.

Moon

An artist's impression of protoplanetary disk.

Main article: Formation and evolution of the Solar System

The Earth formed as part of the birth of the Solar System: what eventually became the solar system initially existed as a large, rotating cloud of dust, rocks, and gas. It was composed of hydrogen and helium produced in the Big Bang, as well as heavier elements ejected by supernovas. Then, as one theory suggests, about 4.6 billion years ago a nearby star was destroyed in a supernova and the explosion sent a shock wave through the solar nebula, causing it to gain angular momentum. As the cloud began to accelerate its rotation, gravity and inertia flattened it into a protoplanetary disk oriented perpendicularly to its axis of rotation. Most of the mass concentrated in the middle and began to heat up, but small perturbations due to collisions and the angular momentum of other large debris created the means by which protoplanets began to form. The infall of material, increase in rotational speed and the crush of gravity created an enormous amount of kinetic heat at the center. Its inability to transfer that energy away through any other process at a rate capable of relieving the build-up resulted in the disk's center heating up. Ultimately, nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium began, and eventually, after contraction, a T Tauri star, ignited to create the Sun. Meanwhile, as gravity caused matter to condense around the previously perturbed objects outside of the new sun's gravity grasp, dust particles and the rest of the protoplanetary disk began separating into rings. Successively larger fragments collided with one another and became larger objects, ultimately destined to become protoplanets.^[1] These included one collection approximately 150 million kilometers from the center: Earth. The solar wind of the newly formed T Tauri star cleared out most of the material in the disk that had not already condensed into larger bodies.

Moon

Animation (not to scale) of Theia forming in Earth’s L₅ point and then, perturbed by gravity, colliding to help form the moon. The animation progresses in one-year steps making Earth appear not to move. The view is of the south pole.

Main articles: Moon#Origin and geologic evolution and Giant impact hypothesis

The origin of the Moon is still uncertain, although much evidence exists for the giant impact hypothesis. Earth may not have been the only planet forming 150 million kilometers from the Sun. It is hypothesized that another collection occurred 150 million kilometers from both the Sun and the Earth, at their fourth or fifth Lagrangian point. This planet, named Theia, is thought to have been smaller than the current Earth, probably about the size and mass of Mars. Its orbit may at first have been stable, but destabilized as Earth increased its mass by the accretion of more and more material. Theia swung back and forth relative to Earth until, finally, an estimated 4.533 billion years ago,^[2] it collided at a low, oblique angle. The low speed and angle were not enough to destroy Earth, but a large portion of its crust was ejected into space. Heavier elements from Theia sank to Earth’s core, while the remaining material and ejecta condensed into a single body within a couple of weeks. Under the influence of its own gravity, this became a more spherical body: the Moon.^[3] The impact is also thought to have changed Earth’s axis to produce the large 23.5° axial tilt that is responsible for Earth’s seasons. (A simple, ideal model of the planets’ origins would have axial tilts of 0° with no recognizable seasons.) It may also have sped up Earth’s rotation and initiated the planet’s plate tectonics.

The Hadean eon

Volcanic eruptions would have been common in Earth's early days.

The early Earth, during the very early Hadean eon, was very different from the world known today. There were no oceans and no oxygen in the atmosphere. It was bombarded by planetoids and other material left over from the formation of the solar system. This bombardment, combined with heat from radioactive breakdown, residual heat, and heat from the pressure of contraction, caused the planet at this stage to be fully molten. During the iron catastrophe heavier elements sank to the center while lighter ones rose to the surface producing the layered structure of the Earth and also setting up the formation of Earth's magnetic field. Earth's early atmosphere would have comprised surrounding material from the solar nebula, especially light gases such as hydrogen and helium, but the solar wind and Earth's own heat would have driven off this atmosphere.

This changed when Earth was about 40% its present radius, and gravitational attraction allowed the retention of an atmosphere which included water. Temperatures plummeted and the crust of the planet was accumulated on a solid surface, with areas melted by large impacts on the scale of decades to hundreds of years between impact. Large impacts would have caused localized melting and partial differentiation, with some lighter elements on the surface or released to the moist atmosphere. ^[4]

The surface cooled quickly, forming the solid crust within 150 million years;^[5] although new research^[6] suggests that the actual number is 100 million years based on the level of hafnium found in the geology at Jack hills in Western Australia. From 4 to 3.8 billion years ago, Earth underwent a period of heavy asteroidal bombardment.^[7] Steam escaped from the crust while more gases were released by volcanoes, completing the second atmosphere. Additional water was imported by bolide collisions, probably from asteroids ejected from the outer asteroid belt under the influence of Jupiter's gravity. The planet cooled. Clouds formed. Rain gave rise to the oceans within 750 million years (3.8 billion years ago), but probably earlier. Recent evidence suggests the oceans may have begun forming by 4.2 billion years ago^{[8] [9]}. The new atmosphere probably contained ammonia, methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, as well as smaller amounts of other gases. Any free oxygen would have been bound by hydrogen or minerals on the surface. Volcanic activity was intense and, without an ozone layer to hinder its entry, ultraviolet radiation flooded the surface.

Life

The replicator in virtually all known life is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is far more complex than the original replicator and its replication systems are highly elaborate.

Main article: Origin of life

The details of the origin of life are unknown, though the broad principles have been established. Two schools of thought regarding the origin of life have been proposed. The first suggest that organic components may have arrived on Earth from space (see “Panspermia”), while the other argues for terrestrial origins. The mechanisms by which life would initially arise are nevertheless held to be similar.^[10] If life arose on Earth, the timing of this event is highly speculative—perhaps it arose around 4 billion years ago.^[11] In the energetic chemistry of early Earth, a molecule (or even something else) gained the ability to make copies of itself–the replicator. The nature of this molecule is unknown, its function having long since been superseded by life’s current replicator, DNA. In making copies of itself, the replicator did not always perform accurately: some copies contained an “error.” If the change destroyed the copying ability of the molecule, there could be no more copies, and the line would “die out.” On the other hand, a few rare changes might make the molecule replicate faster or better: those “strains” would become more numerous and “successful.” As choice raw materials (“food”) became depleted, strains which could exploit different materials, or perhaps halt the progress of other strains and steal their resources, became more numerous.^[12]

Several different models have been proposed explaining how a replicator might have developed. Different replicators have been posited, including organic chemicals such as modern proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, crystals,^[13] or even quantum systems.^[14] There is currently no method of determining which of these models, if any, closely fits the origin of life on Earth. One of the older theories, and one which has been worked out in some detail, will serve as an example of how this might occur. The high energy from volcanoes, lightning, and ultraviolet radiation could help drive chemical reactions producing more complex molecules from simple compounds such as methane and ammonia.^[15] Among these were many of the relatively simple organic compounds that are the building blocks of life. As the amount of this “organic soup” increased, different molecules reacted with one another. Sometimes more complex molecules would result—perhaps clay provided a framework to collect and concentrate organic material.^[16] The presence of certain molecules could speed up a chemical reaction. All this continued for a very long time, with reactions occurring more or less at random, until by chance there arose a new molecule: the replicator. This had the bizarre property of promoting the chemical reactions which produced a copy of itself, and evolution began properly. Other theories posit a different replicator. In any case, DNA took over the function of the replicator at some point; all known life (with the exception of some viruses and prions) use DNA as their replicator, in an almost identical manner (see genetic code).

Cells

A small section of a cell membrane. This modern cell membrane is far more sophisticated than the original simple phospholipid bilayer (the small blue spheres with two tails). Proteins and carbohydrates serve various functions in regulating the passage of material through the membrane and in reacting to the environment.

Modern life has its replicating material packaged neatly inside a cellular membrane. It is easier to understand the origin of the cell membrane than the origin of the replicator, since the phospholipid molecules that make up a cell membrane will often form a bilayer spontaneously when placed in water. Under certain conditions, many such spheres can be formed (see “The bubble theory”).^[17] It is not known whether this process preceded or succeeded the origin of the replicator (or perhaps it was the replicator). The prevailing theory is that the replicator, perhaps RNA by this point (the RNA world hypothesis), along with its replicating apparatus and maybe other biomolecules, had already evolved. Initial protocells may have simply burst when they grew too large; the scattered contents may then have recolonized other “bubbles.” Proteins that stabilized the membrane, or that later assisted in an orderly division, would have promoted the proliferation of those cell lines. RNA is a likely candidate for an early replicator since it can both store genetic information and catalyze reactions. At some point DNA took over the genetic storage role from RNA, and proteins known as enzymes took over the catalysis role, leaving RNA to transfer information and modulate the process. There is increasing belief that these early cells may have evolved in association with underwater volcanic vents known as “black smokers”.^[18] or even hot, deep rocks.^[19] However, it is believed that out of this multiplicity of cells, or protocells, only one survived. Current evidence suggests that the last universal common ancestor lived during the early Archean eon, perhaps roughly 3.5 billion years ago or earlier.^[20],[21] This “LUCA” cell is the ancestor of all cells and hence all life on Earth. It was probably a prokaryote, possessing a cell membrane and probably ribosomes, but lacking a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. Like all modern cells, it used DNA as its genetic code, RNA for information transfer and protein synthesis, and enzymes to catalyze reactions. Some scientists believe that instead of a single organism being the last universal common ancestor, there were populations of organisms exchanging genes in lateral gene transfer.^[20]

Photosynthesis and oxygen

The harnessing of the sun’s energy led to several major changes in life on Earth.

It is likely that the initial cells were all heterotrophs, using surrounding organic molecules (including those from other cells) as raw material and an energy source.^[22] As the food supply diminished, a new strategy evolved in some cells. Instead of relying on the diminishing amounts of free-existing organic molecules, these cells adopted sunlight as an energy source. Estimates vary, but by about 3 billion years ago^[23], something similar to modern photosynthesis had probably developed. This made the sun’s energy available not only to autotrophs but also to the heterotrophs that consumed them. Photosynthesis used the plentiful carbon dioxide and water as raw materials and, with the energy of sunlight, produced energy-rich organic molecules (carbohydrates).

Moreover, oxygen was produced as a waste product of photosynthesis. At first it became bound up with limestone, iron, and other minerals. There is substantial proof of this in iron-oxide rich layers in geological strata that correspond with this time period. The oceans would have turned to a green color while oxygen was reacting with minerals. When the reactions stopped, oxygen could finally enter the atmosphere. Though each cell only produced a minute amount of oxygen, the combined metabolism of many cells over a vast period of time transformed Earth’s atmosphere to its current state.^[24]

This, then, is Earth’s third atmosphere. Some of the oxygen was stimulated by incoming ultraviolet radiation to form ozone, which collected in a layer near the upper part of the atmosphere. The ozone layer absorbed, and still absorbs, a significant amount of the ultraviolet radiation that once had passed through the atmosphere. It allowed cells to colonize the surface of the ocean and ultimately the land:^[25] without the ozone layer, ultraviolet radiation bombarding the surface would have caused unsustainable levels of mutation in exposed cells. Besides making large amounts of energy available to life-forms and blocking ultraviolet radiation, the effects of photosynthesis had a third, major, and world-changing impact. Oxygen was toxic; probably much life on Earth died out as its levels rose (the “Oxygen Catastrophe”).^[25] Resistant forms survived and thrived, and some developed the ability to use oxygen to enhance their metabolism and derive more energy from the same food.

Endosymbiosis and the three domains of life

Main article: Endosymbiotic theory

Some of the pathways by which the various endosymbionts might have arisen.

Modern taxonomy classifies life into three domains. The time of the origin of these domains are speculative. The Bacteria domain probably first split off from the other forms of life (sometimes called Neomura), but this supposition is controversial. Soon after this, by 2 billion years ago^[26], the Neomura split into the Archaea and the Eukarya. Eukaryotic cells (Eukarya) are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea), and the origin of that complexity is only now coming to light. Around this time period a bacterial cell related to today’s Rickettsia^[27] entered a larger prokaryotic cell. Perhaps the large cell attempted to ingest the smaller one but failed (maybe due to the evolution of prey defenses). Perhaps the smaller cell attempted to parasitize the larger one. In any case, the smaller cell survived inside the larger cell. Using oxygen, it was able to metabolize the larger cell’s waste products and derive more energy. Some of this surplus energy was returned to the host. The smaller cell replicated inside the larger one, and soon a stable symbiotic relationship developed. Over time the host cell acquired some of the genes of the smaller cells, and the two kinds became dependent on each other: the larger cell could not survive without the energy produced by the smaller ones, and these in turn could not survive without the raw materials provided by the larger cell. Symbiosis developed between the larger cell and the population of smaller cells inside it to the extent that they are considered to have become a single organism, the smaller cells being classified as organelles called mitochondria. A similar event took place with photosynthetic cyanobacteria^[28] entering larger heterotrophic cells and becoming chloroplasts.^[29],[30] Probably as a result of these changes, a line of cells capable of photosynthesis split off from the other eukaryotes some time before one billion years ago. There were probably several such inclusion events, as the figure at right suggests. Besides the well-established endosymbiotic theory of the cellular origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, it has been suggested that cells gave rise to peroxisomes, spirochetes gave rise to cilia and flagella, and that perhaps a DNA virus gave rise to the cell nucleus,^[31],[32] though none of these theories are generally accepted.^[33] During this period, the supercontinent Columbia is believed to have existed, probably from around 1.8 to 1.5 billion years ago; it is the oldest hypothesized supercontinent.^[34]

Multicellularity

Volvox aureus is believed to be similar to the first multicellular plants.

Archaeans, bacteria, and eukaryotes continued to diversify and to become more sophisticated and better adapted to their environments. Each domain repeatedly split into multiple lineages, although little is known about the history of the archaea and bacteria. Around 1.1 billion years ago, the supercontinent Rodinia was assembling.^[35] The plant, animal, and fungi lines had all split, though they still existed as solitary cells. Some of these lived in colonies, and gradually some division of labor began to take place; for instance, cells on the periphery might have started to assume different roles from those in the interior. Although the division between a colony with specialized cells and a multicellular organism is not always clear, around 1 billion years ago^[36], the first multicellular plants emerged, probably green algae.^[37] Possibly by around 900 million years ago,^[38] true multicellularity had also evolved in animals. At first it probably somewhat resembled that of today’s sponges, where all cells were totipotent and a disrupted organism could reassemble itself.^[39] As the division of labor became more complete in all lines of multicellular organisms, cells became more specialized and more dependent on each other; isolated cells would die. Many scientists believe that a very severe ice age began around 770 million years ago, so severe that the surface of all the oceans completely froze (Snowball Earth). Eventually, after 20 million years, enough carbon dioxide escaped through volcanic outgassing; the resulting greenhouse effect raised global temperatures.^[40] By around the same time, 750 million years ago,^[41] Rodinia began to break up.

Colonization of land

For most of Earth’s history, there were no multicellular organisms on land. Parts of the surface may have vaguely resembled this view of Mars, one of Earth’s neighboring planets.^{[citation needed]}

As we have already seen, the accumulation of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere caused the formation of ozone into a layer that absorbed much of Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. As a result, unicellular organisms that reached land were less likely to die, and prokaryotes began to multiply and become better adapted to survival out of the water. Prokaryotes had likely colonized the land as early as 2.6 billion years ago^[42] even before the origin of the eukaryotes. For a long time, the land remained barren of multicellular organisms. The supercontinent Pannotia formed around 600 million years ago and then broke apart a short 50 million years later^[43]. Fish, the earliest vertebrates, evolved in the oceans around 530 million years ago^[44]. A major extinction event occurred near the end of the Cambrian period,^[45] which ended 488 million years ago^[46].

Several hundred million years ago, plants (probably resembling algae) and fungi started growing at the edges of the water, and then out of it.^[47] The oldest fossils of land fungi and plants date to 480–460 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests the fungi may have colonized the land as early as 1000 million years ago and the plants 700 million years ago.^[48] Initially remaining close to the water’s edge, mutations and variations resulted in further colonization of this new environment. The timing of the first animals to leave the oceans is not precisely known: the oldest clear evidence is of arthropods on land around 450 million years ago^[49], perhaps thriving and becoming better adapted due to the vast food source provided by the terrestrial plants. There is also some unconfirmed evidence that arthropods may have appeared on land as early as 530 million years ago^[50]. At the end of the Ordovician period, 440 million years ago, additional extinction events occurred, perhaps due to a concurrent ice age.^[51] Around 380 to 375 million years ago, the first tetrapods evolved from fish.^[52] It is thought that perhaps fins evolved to become limbs which allowed the first tetrapods to lift their heads out of the water to breathe air. This would let them survive in oxygen-poor water or pursue small prey in shallow water.^[52] They may have later ventured on land for brief periods. Eventually, some of them became so well adapted to terrestrial life that they spent their adult lives on land, although they hatched in the water and returned to lay their eggs. This was the origin of the amphibians. About 365 million years ago, another period of extinction occurred, perhaps as a result of global cooling.^[53] Plants evolved seeds, which dramatically accelerated their spread on land, around this time (by approximately 360 million years ago).^{[54], [55]}

Pangaea, the most recent supercontinent, existed from 300 to 180 million years ago. The outlines of the modern continents and other land masses are indicated on this map.

Some 20 million years later (340 million years ago^[56]), the amniotic egg evolved, which could be laid on land, giving a survival advantage to tetrapod embryos. This resulted in the divergence of amniotes from amphibians. Another 30 million years (310 million years ago^[57]) saw the divergence of the synapsids (including mammals) from the sauropsids (including birds and non-avian, non-mammalian reptiles). Other groups of organisms continued to evolve and lines diverged—in fish, insects, bacteria, and so on—but less is known of the details. 300 million years ago, the most recent hypothesized supercontinent formed, called Pangaea. The most severe extinction event to date took place 250 million years ago, at the boundary of the Permian and Triassic periods; 95% of life on Earth died out,^[58] possibly due to the Siberian Traps volcanic event. The discovery of the Wilkes Land crater in Antarctica may suggest a connection with the Permian-Triassic extinction, but the age of that crater is not known.^[59] But life persevered, and around 230 million years ago ^[60], dinosaurs split off from their reptilian ancestors. An extinction event between the Triassic and Jurassic periods 200 million years ago spared many of the dinosaurs,^[61] and they soon became dominant among the vertebrates. Though some of the mammalian lines began to separate during this period, existing mammals were probably all small animals resembling shrews.^[62] By 180 million years ago, Pangaea broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana. The boundary between avian and non-avian dinosaurs is not clear, but Archaeopteryx, traditionally considered one of the first birds, lived around 150 million years ago.^[63] The earliest evidence for the angiosperms evolving flowers is during the Cretaceous period, some 20 million years later (132 million years ago)^[64] Competition with birds drove many pterosaurs to extinction, and the dinosaurs were probably already in decline for various reasons^[65] when, 65 million years ago, a 10-kilometer meteorite likely struck Earth just off the Yucatán Peninsula, ejecting vast quantities of particulate matter and vapor into the air that occluded sunlight, inhibiting photosynthesis. Most large animals, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct.^[66], marking the end of the Cretaceous period and Mesozoic era. Thereafter, in the Paleocene epoch, mammals rapidly diversified, grew larger, and became the dominant vertebrates. Perhaps a couple of million years later (around 63 million years ago), the last common ancestor of primates lived.^[67] By the late Eocene epoch, 34 million years ago, some terrestrial mammals had returned to the oceans to become animals such as Basilosaurus which later gave rise to dolphins and whales.^[68]

Humanity

Australopithecus africanus, an early hominid.

Main article: Human evolution

A small African ape living around six million years ago was the last animal whose descendants would include both modern humans and their closest relatives, the bonobos, and chimpanzees.^[69] Only two branches of its family tree have surviving descendants. Very soon after the split, for reasons that are still debated, apes in one branch developed the ability to walk upright.^[70] Brain size increased rapidly, and by 2 million years ago, the very first animals classified in the genus Homo had appeared.^[71] Of course, the line between different species or even genera is rather arbitrary as organisms continuously change over generations. Around the same time, the other branch split into the ancestors of the common chimpanzee and the ancestors of the bonobo as evolution continued simultaneously in all life forms.^[69] The ability to control fire likely began in Homo erectus (or Homo ergaster), probably at least 790,000 years ago^[72] but perhaps as early as 1.5 million years ago.^[73] It is more difficult to establish the origin of language; it is unclear whether Homo erectus could speak or if that capability had not begun until Homo sapiens.^[74] As brain size increased, babies were born sooner, before their heads grew too large to pass through the pelvis. As a result, they exhibited more plasticity, and thus possessed an increased capacity to learn and required a longer period of dependence. Social skills became more complex, language became more advanced, and tools became more elaborate. This contributed to further cooperation and brain development.^[75] Anatomically modern humans — Homo sapiens — are believed to have originated somewhere around 200,000 years ago or earlier in Africa; the oldest fossils date back to around 160,000 years ago.^[76] The first humans to show evidence of spirituality are the Neanderthals (usually classified as a separate species with no surviving descendants); they buried their dead, often apparently with food or tools.^[77] However, evidence of more sophisticated beliefs, such as the early Cro-Magnon cave paintings (probably with magical or religious significance)^[78] did not appear until some 32,000 years ago.^[79] Cro-Magnons also left behind stone figurines such as Venus of Willendorf, probably also signifying religious belief.^[78] By 11,000 years ago, Homo sapiens had reached the southern tip of South America, the last of the uninhabited continents.^[80] Tool use and language continued to improve; interpersonal relationships became more complex.

Civilization

Main article: History of the world

Throughout more than 90% of its history, Homo sapiens lived in small bands as nomadic hunter-gatherers.^[81] As language became more complex, the ability to remember and transmit information resulted in a new sort of replicator: the meme.^[82] Ideas could be rapidly exchanged and passed down the generations. Cultural evolution quickly outpaced biological evolution, and history proper began. Somewhere between 8500 and 7000 BC, humans in the Fertile Crescent in Middle East began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals: agriculture.^[83] This spread to neighboring regions, and also developed independently elsewhere, until most Homo sapiens lived sedentary lives in permanent settlements as farmers. Not all societies abandoned nomadism, especially those in isolated areas of the globe poor in domesticable plant species, such as Australia.^[84] However, among those civilizations that did adopt agriculture, the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed the population to expand. Agriculture had a major impact; humans began to affect the environment as never before. Surplus food allowed a priestly or governing class to arise, followed by increasing division of labor. This led to Earth’s first civilization at Sumer in the Middle East, between 4000 and 3000 BC.^[85] Additional civilizations quickly arose in ancient Egypt and the Indus River valley.

Starting around 3000 BC, Hinduism, one of the oldest religions still practiced today, began to take form.^[86] Others soon followed. The invention of writing enabled complex societies to arise: record-keeping and libraries served as a storehouse of knowledge and increased the cultural transmission of information. Humans no longer had to spend all their time working for survival—curiosity and education drove the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. Various disciplines, including science (in a primitive form), arose. New civilizations sprang up, traded with one another, and engaged in war for territory and resources: empires began to form. By around 500 BC, there were empires in the Middle East, Iran, India, China, and Greece, approximately on equal footing; at times one empire expanded, only to decline or be driven back later.^[87]

In the fourteenth century, the Renaissance began in Italy with advances in religion, art, and science.^[88] Starting around 1500, European civilization began to undergo changes leading to the scientific and industrial revolutions: that continent began to exert political and cultural dominance over human societies around the planet.^[89] From 1914 to 1918 and 1939 to 1945, nations around the world were embroiled in world wars. Established following World War I, the League of Nations was a first step toward a world government; after World War II it was replaced by the United Nations. In 1992, several European nations joined together in the European Union. As transportation and communication improved, the economies and political affairs of nations around the world have become increasingly intertwined. This globalization has often produced discord, although increased collaboration has resulted as well.

Recent events

Four and a half billion years after the planet's formation, one of Earth’s life forms broke free of the biosphere. For the first time in history, Earth was viewed first hand from the vantage of space.

Change has continued at a rapid pace from the mid-1940s to today. Technological developments include nuclear weapons, computers, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology. Economic globalization spurred by advances in communication and transportation technology has influenced everyday life in many parts of the world. Cultural and institutional forms such as democracy, capitalism, and environmentalism have increased influence. Major concerns and problems such as disease, war, poverty, violent radicalism, and more recently, global warming have risen as the world population increases.

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite into orbit and, soon afterward, Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space. Neil Armstrong, an American, was the first to set foot on another astronomical object, the Earth's Moon. Unmanned probes have been sent to all the major planets in the solar system, with some (such as Voyager) in the process of leaving the solar system. The Soviet Union and the United States of America were the primary early leaders in space exploration in the 20th Century. Five space agencies, representing over fifteen countries,^[90] have worked together to build the International Space Station. Aboard it, there has been a continuous human presence in space since 2000.^[91]

See also

Timeline of the Big Bang

Geologic time scale

Timeline of evolution

Detailed logarithmic timeline

Natural history

History of the world

End of civilization

Timetable of the Precambrian

Geological history of Earth

External links

History of the Earth from

Detailed timeline

Note that Ma means "million years ago".

Hadean eon

3800 Ma and earlier.

4533 Ma

The planet Earth and the planet Theia collide, sending countless moonlets into orbit around the young Earth. These moonlets eventually coalesce to form the Moon. The gravitational pull of the new Moon stabilises the Earth's fluctuating axis of rotation and sets up the conditions for the formation of life.^[1]

4100 Ma

The surface of the Earth cools enough for the crust to solidify. The atmosphere and the oceans form.^[2]

Between 4500 and 2500 Ma

The earliest life appears, possibly derived from self-reproducing RNA molecules. The replication of these organisms requires resources like energy, space, and smaller building blocks, which soon become limited, resulting in competition. Natural selection favours those molecules which are more efficient at replication. DNA molecules then take over as the main replicators. They soon develop inside enclosing membranes which provide a stable physical and chemical environment conducive to their replication: proto-cells

3900 Ma

Late Heavy Bombardment: peak rate of impact events upon the inner planets by meteors. This constant disturbance probably obliterated any life that had already evolved, as the oceans boiled away completely; conversely, life may have been transported to Earth by a meteor. ^[3]

Somewhere between 3900 - 2500 Ma

Cells resembling prokaryotes appear. These first organisms are chemoautotrophs: they use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and oxidize inorganic materials to extract energy. Later, prokaryotes evolve glycolysis, a set of chemical reactions that free the energy of organic molecules such as glucose. Glycolysis generates ATP molecules as short-term energy currency, and ATP continue to be used in almost all organisms, unchanged, to this day.

Archean eon

3800 Ma - 2500 Ma

Proterozoic eon

2500 Ma - 542 Ma

Phanerozoic eon

542 Ma - present

The Phanerozoic eon, literally the "period of well-displayed life", marks the appearance in the fossil record of abundant, shell-forming organisms. It is subdivided into three eras, the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which are divided by major mass extinctions.

[edit] Paleozoic era

542 Ma - 251.0 Ma

Mesozoic era

Cenozoic era

65.5 Ma – present

See also

Evolutionary history of plants

Extinction events

Geologic time scale

History of Earth

Natural history

Sociocultural evolution

Timeline of human evolution